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	<title>Comments on: Property Rights in Space, Part 1 of 2: No Space Police Needed</title>
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	<link>http://ipinspace.com/2012/08/08/property-rights-in-space-part-1-of-2-no-space-police-needed/</link>
	<description>Intellectual Property in Space- Where the vastness of space, law, &#38; intellectual property meet. By Andrew Rush.</description>
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		<title>By: Andrew Rush</title>
		<link>http://ipinspace.com/2012/08/08/property-rights-in-space-part-1-of-2-no-space-police-needed/#comment-845</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Rush]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Aug 2012 12:27:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ipinspace.com/?p=617#comment-845</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hi Chuck!

Thanks for your comments! I think you&#039;re right that, at some point, space mining companies will channel the materials they collect in space around the US, in order to find the lowest regulatory and tax regimes. And certainly adoption of schemes used by terrestrial mining and drilling transnational companies makes the most sense; why invent the legal wheel, after all? I believe that, in the near term, the US can use the &quot;carrot&quot; of recognizing and defending private ownership in the materials collected in space to encourage companies like PRI to bring those resources into the US. 

Thanks for the article about applying Canadian terrestrial mining expertise to extraterrestrial mining!]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Chuck!</p>
<p>Thanks for your comments! I think you&#8217;re right that, at some point, space mining companies will channel the materials they collect in space around the US, in order to find the lowest regulatory and tax regimes. And certainly adoption of schemes used by terrestrial mining and drilling transnational companies makes the most sense; why invent the legal wheel, after all? I believe that, in the near term, the US can use the &#8220;carrot&#8221; of recognizing and defending private ownership in the materials collected in space to encourage companies like PRI to bring those resources into the US. </p>
<p>Thanks for the article about applying Canadian terrestrial mining expertise to extraterrestrial mining!</p>
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		<title>By: Chuck Black</title>
		<link>http://ipinspace.com/2012/08/08/property-rights-in-space-part-1-of-2-no-space-police-needed/#comment-832</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chuck Black]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 11 Aug 2012 17:08:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ipinspace.com/?p=617#comment-832</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hi Andrew,

I agree with you that &quot;private companies like Planetary Resources and Shackleton Energy indirectly argue for creation of individual property rights in space resources. Rather than simply lobbying for changes in law, these companies pour their creative energies into actually engineering ways to locate, mine, and bring rare platinum group metals back to earth.&quot;

They&#039;ll do more than that at some point. They&#039;re smart enough to know that US customs agents aren&#039;t the only game in town on a planet with 100+ distinct nation states. 

The time will come when they will certainly arrange for any materials collected from orbit to be inspected by customs agents from the EU, Russia, China or even the Isle of Man in the same way that pretty much every other trans-national corporation arranges to function in jurisdictions with favorable tax and legal structures. 

As per your comments about the 1979 Moon Treaty, it&#039;s worth remembering that this treaty has not been ratified by any nation which engages in self-launched manned space exploration or has plans to do so. In fact only a dozen and a half countries altogether have signed or indicated an intent to sign the treaty and it can safely be categorized as a &quot;failed treaty.&quot; 

Certainly the US government doesn&#039;t feel bound by it. 

If you&#039;d like to get some idea of what they&#039;re talking about in my country (Canada) about this issue, then check out &quot;Using Tools from the Mining Industry to Spur Innovation and Grow the Canadian Space Industry&quot; at http://aerospacereview.ca/eic/site/060.nsf/vwapj/CanadianSpaceCommerceAssociation-Part2-ChuckBlack.pdf/$file/CanadianSpaceCommerceAssociation-Part2-ChuckBlack.pdf.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Andrew,</p>
<p>I agree with you that &#8220;private companies like Planetary Resources and Shackleton Energy indirectly argue for creation of individual property rights in space resources. Rather than simply lobbying for changes in law, these companies pour their creative energies into actually engineering ways to locate, mine, and bring rare platinum group metals back to earth.&#8221;</p>
<p>They&#8217;ll do more than that at some point. They&#8217;re smart enough to know that US customs agents aren&#8217;t the only game in town on a planet with 100+ distinct nation states. </p>
<p>The time will come when they will certainly arrange for any materials collected from orbit to be inspected by customs agents from the EU, Russia, China or even the Isle of Man in the same way that pretty much every other trans-national corporation arranges to function in jurisdictions with favorable tax and legal structures. </p>
<p>As per your comments about the 1979 Moon Treaty, it&#8217;s worth remembering that this treaty has not been ratified by any nation which engages in self-launched manned space exploration or has plans to do so. In fact only a dozen and a half countries altogether have signed or indicated an intent to sign the treaty and it can safely be categorized as a &#8220;failed treaty.&#8221; </p>
<p>Certainly the US government doesn&#8217;t feel bound by it. </p>
<p>If you&#8217;d like to get some idea of what they&#8217;re talking about in my country (Canada) about this issue, then check out &#8220;Using Tools from the Mining Industry to Spur Innovation and Grow the Canadian Space Industry&#8221; at <a href="http://aerospacereview.ca/eic/site/060.nsf/vwapj/CanadianSpaceCommerceAssociation-Part2-ChuckBlack.pdf/$file/CanadianSpaceCommerceAssociation-Part2-ChuckBlack.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://aerospacereview.ca/eic/site/060.nsf/vwapj/CanadianSpaceCommerceAssociation-Part2-ChuckBlack.pdf/$file/CanadianSpaceCommerceAssociation-Part2-ChuckBlack.pdf</a>.</p>
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		<title>By: Andrew Rush</title>
		<link>http://ipinspace.com/2012/08/08/property-rights-in-space-part-1-of-2-no-space-police-needed/#comment-790</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Rush]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Aug 2012 12:27:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ipinspace.com/?p=617#comment-790</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thanks, Greg! You make a good point that Customs interdiction wouldn&#039;t be the best enforcement mechanism for mined minerals which have been stored in situ. If someone on earth were trafficking title to such minerals in a fraudulent, illegal, or unapproved fashion, civil or criminal fraud proceedings might be a good way to enforce whatever private property rights in space regime is created.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks, Greg! You make a good point that Customs interdiction wouldn&#8217;t be the best enforcement mechanism for mined minerals which have been stored in situ. If someone on earth were trafficking title to such minerals in a fraudulent, illegal, or unapproved fashion, civil or criminal fraud proceedings might be a good way to enforce whatever private property rights in space regime is created.</p>
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		<title>By: Gregory Nemitz</title>
		<link>http://ipinspace.com/2012/08/08/property-rights-in-space-part-1-of-2-no-space-police-needed/#comment-785</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gregory Nemitz]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Aug 2012 11:55:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ipinspace.com/?p=617#comment-785</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Very creative and interesting idea.  Insofar as platinum group metals, they can be mined in space, refined, verified by another party to purity and weight, then stored &quot;in situ&quot; and not brought back to Earth.  The space metals can be sold on Earth in the same way they are presently sold, and usually not moved from the vault.  The buyer is the new owner and the vault remains the holder.  Storing metals on an asteroid or the Moon is a pretty darn secure vault.  Other than that scenario, your Customs enforcement plan is pretty good.  Thanks!]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Very creative and interesting idea.  Insofar as platinum group metals, they can be mined in space, refined, verified by another party to purity and weight, then stored &#8220;in situ&#8221; and not brought back to Earth.  The space metals can be sold on Earth in the same way they are presently sold, and usually not moved from the vault.  The buyer is the new owner and the vault remains the holder.  Storing metals on an asteroid or the Moon is a pretty darn secure vault.  Other than that scenario, your Customs enforcement plan is pretty good.  Thanks!</p>
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		<title>By: Thursday / 9 August 2012 &#124; Lunar Enterprise Daily</title>
		<link>http://ipinspace.com/2012/08/08/property-rights-in-space-part-1-of-2-no-space-police-needed/#comment-767</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Thursday / 9 August 2012 &#124; Lunar Enterprise Daily]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Aug 2012 21:53:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ipinspace.com/?p=617#comment-767</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] Fuel Depots, IRSU, 3D Printers, Etc.) Make Heavy Lift Rockets Unnecessary; Humans On Moon By 2020; Andrew Rush (BL) Outlines Means Of Enforcing Space Property Rights With Existing Customs [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Fuel Depots, IRSU, 3D Printers, Etc.) Make Heavy Lift Rockets Unnecessary; Humans On Moon By 2020; Andrew Rush (BL) Outlines Means Of Enforcing Space Property Rights With Existing Customs [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Andrew Rush</title>
		<link>http://ipinspace.com/2012/08/08/property-rights-in-space-part-1-of-2-no-space-police-needed/#comment-761</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Rush]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Aug 2012 16:09:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ipinspace.com/?p=617#comment-761</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hi Michael, Thanks for your comment! It looks like Alan Shepard had to fill out a customs form after his first flight, too! http://bit.ly/OSa07b]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Michael, Thanks for your comment! It looks like Alan Shepard had to fill out a customs form after his first flight, too! <a href="http://bit.ly/OSa07b" rel="nofollow">http://bit.ly/OSa07b</a></p>
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		<title>By: Michael J. Listner</title>
		<link>http://ipinspace.com/2012/08/08/property-rights-in-space-part-1-of-2-no-space-police-needed/#comment-760</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Michael J. Listner]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Aug 2012 15:28:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ipinspace.com/?p=617#comment-760</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In law school we had a visit from a U.S. Customs official who mentioned that even returning space shuttle astronauts were met by Customs officials.  It makes sense considering the astronauts were outside the country and more so when the space shuttles visited the Mir space station.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In law school we had a visit from a U.S. Customs official who mentioned that even returning space shuttle astronauts were met by Customs officials.  It makes sense considering the astronauts were outside the country and more so when the space shuttles visited the Mir space station.</p>
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